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rs-05-json-value

0.000
0/1 tests· architecture
Challenge · difficulty 5/5
# JSON parser to a typed value

Implement the library file **`src/lib.rs`** exposing a parser for a subset of JSON:

```rust
pub fn parse(input: &str) -> Result<Value, ParseError>

pub enum Value {
    Null,
    Bool(bool),
    Number(f64),
    Str(String),
    Array(Vec<Value>),
    Object(Vec<(String, Value)>),
}

pub struct ParseError { /* your fields — e.g. a message and position */ }
```

Derive `Debug`, `Clone`, and `PartialEq` for `Value` so it can be compared in tests.

Parse a single JSON value from `input` and return it as a `Value`, or `Err(ParseError)` if the
input is not valid. Support:

- **Literals**: `null`, `true`, `false`.
- **Numbers**: parsed as `f64` (integers, negatives, decimals, and exponents like `1e3`).
- **Strings**: double-quoted, with the escapes `\" \\ \/ \n \t \r \b \f` and `\uXXXX`.
- **Arrays**: `[`, comma-separated values, `]`. May be empty (`[]`).
- **Objects**: `{`, comma-separated `"key": value` members, `}`. May be empty (`{}`). **Preserve
  member order** exactly as it appears in the input (hence `Vec<(String, Value)>`, not a map).
- **Whitespace** (spaces, tabs, newlines, carriage returns) is allowed and ignored between tokens.

Errors (return `Err`, do not panic):
- malformed tokens, unterminated strings, missing `:`/`,`/closing brackets;
- **trailing characters** after a complete value (e.g. `"null null"` is an error).

Tests live in `tests/` and call `challenge::parse` and `challenge::Value`.
tests/json_value.rs
use challenge::{parse, Value};

#[test]
fn parses_primitives() {
    assert_eq!(parse("null"), Ok(Value::Null));
    assert_eq!(parse("true"), Ok(Value::Bool(true)));
    assert_eq!(parse("false"), Ok(Value::Bool(false)));
    assert_eq!(parse("42"), Ok(Value::Number(42.0)));
    assert_eq!(parse("-3.5"), Ok(Value::Number(-3.5)));
    assert_eq!(parse("1e3"), Ok(Value::Number(1000.0)));
    assert_eq!(parse("\"hi\""), Ok(Value::Str("hi".to_string())));
}

#[test]
fn ignores_surrounding_whitespace() {
    assert_eq!(parse("  \n true \t "), Ok(Value::Bool(true)));
}

#[test]
fn parses_string_escapes() {
    assert_eq!(parse("\"a\\nb\""), Ok(Value::Str("a\nb".to_string())));
    assert_eq!(parse("\"q\\\"q\""), Ok(Value::Str("q\"q".to_string())));
}

#[test]
fn parses_empty_array_and_object() {
    assert_eq!(parse("[]"), Ok(Value::Array(vec![])));
    assert_eq!(parse("{}"), Ok(Value::Object(vec![])));
}

#[test]
fn parses_nested_structures() {
    let parsed = parse("{\"a\": [1, 2], \"b\": {\"c\": true}}").unwrap();
    let expected = Value::Object(vec![
        ("a".to_string(), Value::Array(vec![Value::Number(1.0), Value::Number(2.0)])),
        ("b".to_string(), Value::Object(vec![("c".to_string(), Value::Bool(true))])),
    ]);
    assert_eq!(parsed, expected);
}

#[test]
fn preserves_object_member_order() {
    let parsed = parse("{\"z\": 1, \"a\": 2}").unwrap();
    let expected = Value::Object(vec![
        ("z".to_string(), Value::Number(1.0)),
        ("a".to_string(), Value::Number(2.0)),
    ]);
    assert_eq!(parsed, expected);
}

#[test]
fn rejects_trailing_characters() {
    assert!(parse("null null").is_err());
    assert!(parse("[1, 2] x").is_err());
}

#[test]
fn rejects_malformed_input() {
    assert!(parse("").is_err());
    assert!(parse("[1, 2").is_err());
    assert!(parse("{\"a\": }").is_err());
    assert!(parse("\"unterminated").is_err());
    assert!(parse("{\"a\" 1}").is_err());
}
System prompt
You are an expert programmer. Solve the task exactly as specified. Output your solution as fenced code blocks using the required file name(s) and the exact function/type signatures requested. Prefer correctness; do not include prose outside code unless asked.
Proposed solution
```rust
use std::char;
use std::str::Chars;

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub enum Value {
    Null,
    Bool(bool),
    Number(f64),
    Str(String),
    Array(Vec<Value>),
    Object(Vec<(String, Value)>),
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
pub struct ParseError {
    pub message: String,
    pub position: usize,
}

impl std::fmt::Display for ParseError {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{} at position {}", self.message, self.position)
    }
}

impl std::error::Error for ParseError {}

pub fn parse(input: &str) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {
    let mut parser = Parser::new(input);
    let value = parser.parse_value()?;
    
    // Check for trailing characters
    parser.skip_whitespace();
    if parser.peek().is_some() {
        return Err(ParseError {
            message: "trailing characters after complete value".to_string(),
            position: parser.position,
        });
    }
    
    Ok(value)
}

struct Parser<'a> {
    chars: Chars<'a>,
    position: usize,
    current_char: Option<char>,
}

impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
    fn new(input: &'a str) -> Self {
        let mut chars = input.chars();
        let current_char = chars.next();
        Parser {
            chars,
            position: 0,
            current_char,
        }
    }

    fn advance(&mut self) {
        if let Some(c) = self.current_char {
            self.position += c.len_utf8();
        }
        self.current_char = self.chars.next();
    }

    fn peek(&self) -> Option<char> {
        self.current_char
    }

    fn skip_whitespace(&mut self) {
        while let Some(c) = self.current_char {
            if c.is_whitespace() {
                self.advance();
            } else {
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    fn parse_value(&mut self) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {
        self.skip_whitespace();
        
        match self.current_char {
            Some('n') => self.parse_null(),
            Some('t') => self.parse_true(),
            Some('f') => self.parse_false(),
            Some('"') => self.parse_string(),
            Some('[') => self.parse_array(),
            Some('{') => self.parse_object(),
            Some(c) if c == '-' || c.is_ascii_digit() => self.parse_number(),
            _ => Err(ParseError {
                message: format!("unexpected character '{}'", self.current_char.unwrap_or('EOF')),
                position: self.position,
            }),
        }
    }

    fn parse_null(&mut self) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {
        self.expect_literal("null")?;
        Ok(Value::Null)
    }

    fn parse_true(&mut self) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {
        self.expect_literal("true")?;
        Ok(Value::Bool(true))
    }

    fn parse_false(&mut self) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {
        self.expect_literal("false")?;
        Ok(Value::Bool(false))
    }

    fn expect_literal(&mut self, literal: &str) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
        for expected in literal.chars() {
            match self.current_char {
                Some(c) if c == expected => self.advance(),
                Some(c) => return Err(ParseError {
                    message: format!("expected '{}', found '{}'", expected, c),
                    position: self.position,
                }),
                None => return Err(ParseError {
                    message: format!("expected '{}', but input ended", expected),
                    position: self.position,
                }),
            }
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    fn parse_string(&mut self) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {
        // Consume opening quote
        match self.current_char {
            Some('"') => self.advance(),
            _ => unreachable!(),
        }

        let mut result = String::new();
        
        loop {
            match self.current_char {
                None => return Err(ParseError {
                    message: "unterminated string".to_string(),
                    position: self.position,
                }),
                Some('"') => {
                    self.advance();
                    return Ok(Value::Str(result));
                }
                Some('\\') => {
                    self.advance(); // consume backslash
                    match self.current_char {
                        None => return Err(ParseError {
                            message: "unterminated escape sequence in string".to_string(),
                            position: self.position,
                        }),
                        Some('"') => {
                            result.push('"');
                            self.advance();
                        }
                        Some('\\') => {
                            result.push('\\');
                            self.advance();
                        }
                        Some('/') => {
                            result.push('/');
                            self.advance();
                        }
                        Some('b') => {
                            result.push('\x08'); // backspace
                            self.advance();
                        }
                        Some('f') => {
                            result.push('\x0c'); // form feed
                            self.advance();
                        }
                        Some('n') => {
                            result.push('\n');
                            self.advance();
                        }
                        Some('r') => {
                            result.push('\r');
                            self.advance();
                        }
                        Some('t') => {
                            result.push('\t');
                            self.advance();
                        }
                        Some('u') => {
                            self.advance(); // consume 'u'
                            let hex_str = self.get_hex_digits(4)?;
                            match char::from_u32(u32::from_str_radix(&hex_str, 16).map_err(|_| ParseError {
                                message: "invalid unicode escape sequence".to_string(),
                                position: self.position - 5,
                            })?) {
                                Some(c) => result.push(c),
                                None => return Err(ParseError {
                                    message: "invalid unicode escape sequence".to_string(),
                                    position: self.position - 5,
                                }),
                            }
                        }
                        Some(c) => return Err(ParseError {
                            message: format!("invalid escape character '{}'", c),
                            position: self.position,
                        }),
                    }
                }
                Some(c) => {
                    result.push(c);
                    self.advance();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    fn get_hex_digits(&mut self, count: usize) -> Result<String, ParseError> {
        let mut hex = String::new();
        for _ in 0..count {
            match self.current_char {
                Some(c) if c.is_ascii_hexdigit() => {
                    hex.push(c);
                    self.advance();
                }
                Some(c) => return Err(ParseError {
                    message: format!("expected hex digit, found '{}'", c),
                    position: self.position,
                }),
                None => return Err(ParseError {
                    message: "unexpected end of input in unicode escape sequence".to_string(),
                    position: self.position,
                }),
            }
        }
        Ok(hex)
    }

    fn parse_number(&mut self) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {
        let start_pos = self.position;
        
        // Handle negative sign
        if self.current_char == Some('-') {
            self.advance();
        }

        // Integer part
        match self.current_char {
            Some('0') => {
                self.advance();
                // No leading zeros allowed except for "0" itself
                if let Some(c) = self.current_char {
                    if c.is_ascii_digit() {
                        return Err(ParseError {
                            message: "invalid number: leading zeros not allowed".to_string(),
                            position: start_pos,
                        });
                    }
                }
            }
            Some(c) if c.is_ascii_digit() => {
                while let Some(c) = self.current_char {
                    if !c.is_ascii_digit() {
                        break;
                    }
                    self.advance();
                }
            }
            _ => return Err(ParseError {
                message: "invalid number".to_string(),
                position: start_pos,
            }),
        }

        // Fractional part
        if self.current_char == Some('.') {
            self.advance();
            let mut has_fraction = false;
            while let Some(c) = self.current_char {
                if !c.is_ascii_digit() {
                    break;
                }
                has_fraction = true;
                self.advance();
            }
            if !has_fraction {
                return Err(ParseError {
                    message: "invalid number: decimal point without digits".to_string(),
                    position: start_pos,
                });
            }
        }

        // Exponent part
        if self.current_char == Some('e') || self.current_char == Some('E') {
            self.advance();
            
            // Optional sign
            if self.current_char == Some('+') || self.current_char == Some('-') {
                self.advance();
            }
            
            let mut has_exponent = false;
            while let Some(c) = self.current_char {
                if !c.is_ascii_digit() {
                    break;
                }
                has_exponent = true;
                self.advance();
            }
            if !has_exponent {
                return Err(ParseError {
                    message: "invalid number: exponent without digits".to_string(),
                    position: start_pos,
                });
            }
        }

        let num_str = &input_from_position(self.position, start_pos);
        match num_str.parse::<f64>() {
            Ok(n) => Ok(Value::Number(n)),
            Err(_) => Err(ParseError {
                message: format!("invalid number: {}", num_str),
                position: start_pos,
            }),
        }
    }

    fn parse_array(&mut self) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {
        // Consume opening bracket
        match self.current_char {
            Some('[') => self.advance(),
            _ => unreachable!(),
        }

        let mut values = Vec::new();
        
        self.skip_whitespace();
        
        if self.current_char == Some(']') {
            self.advance();
            return Ok(Value::Array(values));
        }

        loop {
            values.push(self.parse_value()?);
            
            self.skip_whitespace();
            
            match self.current_char {
                Some(',') => {
                    self.advance();
                    self.skip_whitespace();
                }
                Some(']') => {
                    self.advance();
                    return Ok(Value::Array(values));
                }
                None => return Err(ParseError {
                    message: "unterminated array".to_string(),
                    position: self.position,
                }),
                _ => return Err(ParseError {
                    message: format!("expected ',' or ']', found '{}'", self.current_char.unwrap_or('EOF')),
                    position: self.position,
                }),
            }
        }
    }

    fn parse_object(&mut self) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {
        // Consume opening brace
        match self.current_char {
            Some('{') => self.advance(),
            _ => unreachable!(),
        }

        let mut members = Vec::new();
        
        self.skip_whitespace();
        
        if self.current_char == Some('}') {
            self.advance();
            return Ok(Value::Object(members));
        }

        loop {
            // Parse key
            match self.current_char {
                Some('"') => {
                    let key = match self.parse_string()? {
                        Value::Str(s) => s,
                        _ => unreachable!(),
                    };
                    
                    // Expect colon
                    self.skip_whitespace();
                    match self.current_char {
                        Some(':') => self.advance(),
                        _ => return Err(ParseError {
                            message: format!("expected ':' after object key, found '{}'", self.current_char.unwrap_or('EOF')),
                            position: self.position,
                        }),
                    }
                    
                    // Parse value
                    self.skip_whitespace();
                    let value = self.parse_value()?;
                    members.push((key, value));
                    
                    self.skip_whitespace();
                    
                    match self.current_char {
                        Some(',') => {
                            self.advance();
                            self.skip_whitespace();
                        }
                        Some('}') => {
                            self.advance();
                            return Ok(Value::Object(members));
                        }
                        None => return Err(ParseError {
                            message: "unterminated object".to_string(),
                            position: self.position,
                        }),
                        _ => return Err(ParseError {
                            message: format!("expected ',' or '}}', found '{}'", self.current_char.unwrap_or('EOF')),
                            position: self.position,
                        }),
                    }
                }
                None => return Err(ParseError {
                    message: "unterminated object".to_string(),
                    position: self.position,
                }),
                _ => return Err(ParseError {
                    message: format!("expected string key in object, found '{}'", self.current_char.unwrap_or('EOF')),
                    position: self.position,
                }),
            }
        }
    }
}

// Helper function to extract substring from start_pos to current position
fn input_from_position(current_pos: usize, start_pos: usize) -> String {
    // This is a simplified approach; in practice, we'd need to track positions more carefully
    // For now, we'll use a different approach by building the string as we parse
    panic!("This helper function is not used in the final implementation");
}
```

Errors (stderr)

nly contain one codepoint
  --> src/lib.rs:94:91
   |
94 |                 message: format!("unexpected character '{}'", self.current_char.unwrap_or('EOF')),
   |                                                                                           ^^^^^
   |
help: if you meant to write a string literal, use double quotes
   |
94 -                 message: format!("unexpected character '{}'", self.current_char.unwrap_or('EOF')),
94 +                 message: format!("unexpected character '{}'", self.current_char.unwrap_or("EOF")),
   |

error: character literal may only contain one codepoint
   --> src/lib.rs:364:101
    |
364 |                     message: format!("expected ',' or ']', found '{}'", self.current_char.unwrap_or('EOF')),
    |                                                                                                     ^^^^^
    |
help: if you meant to write a string literal, use double quotes
    |
364 -                     message: format!("expected ',' or ']', found '{}'", self.current_char.unwrap_or('EOF')),
364 +                     message: format!("expected ',' or ']', found '{}'", self.current_char.unwrap_or("EOF")),
    |

error: character literal may only contain one codepoint
   --> src/lib.rs:401:119
    |
401 | ...                   message: format!("expected ':' after object key, found '{}'", self.current_char.unwrap_or('EOF')),
    |                                                                                                                 ^^^^^
    |
help: if you meant to write a string literal, use double quotes
    |
401 -                             message: format!("expected ':' after object key, found '{}'", self.current_char.unwrap_or('EOF')),
401 +                             message: format!("expected ':' after object key, found '{}'", self.current_char.unwrap_or("EOF")),
    |

error: character literal may only contain one codepoint
   --> src/lib.rs:427:110
    |
427 | ...                   message: format!("expected ',' or '}}', found '{}'", self.current_char.unwrap_or('EOF')),
    |                                                                                                        ^^^^^
    |
help: if you meant to write a string literal, use double quotes
    |
427 -                             message: format!("expected ',' or '}}', found '{}'", self.current_char.unwrap_or('EOF')),
427 +                             message: format!("expected ',' or '}}', found '{}'", self.current_char.unwrap_or("EOF")),
    |

error: character literal may only contain one codepoint
   --> src/lib.rs:437:111
    |
437 |                     message: format!("expected string key in object, found '{}'", self.current_char.unwrap_or('EOF')),
    |                                                                                                               ^^^^^
    |
help: if you meant to write a string literal, use double quotes
    |
437 -                     message: format!("expected string key in object, found '{}'", self.current_char.unwrap_or('EOF')),
437 +                     message: format!("expected string key in object, found '{}'", self.current_char.unwrap_or("EOF")),
    |

warning: unused variable: `current_pos`
   --> src/lib.rs:446:24
    |
446 | fn input_from_position(current_pos: usize, start_pos: usize) -> String {
    |                        ^^^^^^^^^^^ help: if this is intentional, prefix it with an underscore: `_current_pos`
    |
    = note: `#[warn(unused_variables)]` (part of `#[warn(unused)]`) on by default

warning: unused variable: `start_pos`
   --> src/lib.rs:446:44
    |
446 | fn input_from_position(current_pos: usize, start_pos: usize) -> String {
    |                                            ^^^^^^^^^ help: if this is intentional, prefix it with an underscore: `_start_pos`

error: could not compile `challenge` (lib) due to 5 previous errors; 2 warnings emitted
error: could not compile `challenge` (lib test) due to 5 previous errors; 2 warnings emitted
Self-repair attempts
[
  {
    "total": 1,
    "answer": "```rust\nuse std::char;\nuse std::str::Chars;\n\n#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]\npub enum Value {\n    Null,\n    Bool(bool),\n    Number(f64),\n    Str(String),\n    Array(Vec<Value>),\n    Object(Vec<(String, Value)>),\n}\n\n#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]\npub struct ParseError {\n    pub message: String,\n    pub position: usize,\n}\n\nimpl std::fmt::Display for ParseError {\n    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {\n        write!(f, \"{} at position {}\", self.message, self.position)\n    }\n}\n\nimpl std::error::Error for ParseError {}\n\npub fn parse(input: &str) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {\n    let mut parser = Parser::new(input);\n    let value = parser.parse_value()?;\n    \n    // Check for trailing characters\n    parser.skip_whitespace();\n    if parser.peek().is_some() {\n        return Err(ParseError {\n            message: \"trailing characters after complete value\".to_string(),\n            position: parser.position,\n        });\n    }\n    \n    Ok(value)\n}\n\nstruct Parser<'a> {\n    chars: Chars<'a>,\n    position: usize,\n    current_char: Option<char>,\n}\n\nimpl<'a> Parser<'a> {\n    fn new(input: &'a str) -> Self {\n        let mut chars = input.chars();\n        let current_char = chars.next();\n        Parser {\n            chars,\n            position: 0,\n            current_char,\n        }\n    }\n\n    fn advance(&mut self) {\n        if let Some(c) = self.current_char {\n            self.position += c.len_utf8();\n        }\n        self.current_char = self.chars.next();\n    }\n\n    fn peek(&self) -> Option<char> {\n        self.current_char\n    }\n\n    fn skip_whitespace(&mut self) {\n        while let Some(c) = self.current_char {\n            if c.is_whitespace() {\n                self.advance();\n            } else {\n                break;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    fn parse_value(&mut self) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {\n        self.skip_whitespace();\n        \n        match self.current_char {\n            Some('n') => self.parse_null(),\n            Some('t') => self.parse_true(),\n            Some('f') => self.parse_false(),\n            Some('\"') => self.parse_string(),\n            Some('[') => self.parse_array(),\n            Some('{') => self.parse_object(),\n            Some(c) if c == '-' || c.is_ascii_digit() => self.parse_number(),\n            _ => Err(ParseError {\n                message: format!(\"unexpected character '{}'\", self.current_char.unwrap_or('EOF')),\n                position: self.position,\n            }),\n        }\n    }\n\n    fn parse_null(&mut self) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {\n        self.expect_literal(\"null\")?;\n        Ok(Value::Null)\n    }\n\n    fn parse_true(&mut self) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {\n        self.expect_literal(\"true\")?;\n        Ok(Value::Bool(true))\n    }\n\n    fn parse_false(&mut self) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {\n        self.expect_literal(\"false\")?;\n        Ok(Value::Bool(false))\n    }\n\n    fn expect_literal(&mut self, literal: &str) -> Result<(), ParseError> {\n        for expected in literal.chars() {\n            match self.current_char {\n                Some(c) if c == expected => self.advance(),\n                Some(c) => return Err(ParseError {\n                    message: format!(\"expected '{}', found '{}'\", expected, c),\n                    position: self.position,\n                }),\n                None => return Err(ParseError {\n                    message: format!(\"expected '{}', but input ended\", expected),\n                    position: self.position,\n                }),\n            }\n        }\n        Ok(())\n    }\n\n    fn parse_string(&mut self) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {\n        // Consume opening quote\n        match self.current_char {\n            Some('\"') => self.advance(),\n            _ => unreachable!(),\n        }\n\n        let mut result = String::new();\n        \n        loop {\n            match self.current_char {\n                None => return Err(ParseError {\n                    message: \"unterminated string\".to_string(),\n                    position: self.position,\n                }),\n                Some('\"') => {\n                    self.advance();\n                    return Ok(Value::Str(result));\n                }\n                Some('\\\\') => {\n                    self.advance(); // consume backslash\n                    match self.current_char {\n                        None => return Err(ParseError {\n                            message: \"unterminated escape sequence in string\".to_string(),\n                            position: self.position,\n                        }),\n                        Some('\"') => {\n                            result.push('\"');\n                            self.advance();\n                        }\n                        Some('\\\\') => {\n                            result.push('\\\\');\n                            self.advance();\n                        }\n                        Some('/') => {\n                            result.push('/');\n                            self.advance();\n                        }\n                        Some('b') => {\n                            result.push('\\x08'); // backspace\n                            self.advance();\n                        }\n                        Some('f') => {\n                            result.push('\\x0c'); // form feed\n                            self.advance();\n                        }\n                        Some('n') => {\n                            result.push('\\n');\n                            self.advance();\n                        }\n                        Some('r') => {\n                            result.push('\\r');\n                            self.advance();\n                        }\n                        Some('t') => {\n                            result.push('\\t');\n                            self.advance();\n                        }\n                        Some('u') => {\n                            self.advance(); // consume 'u'\n                            let hex_str = self.get_hex_digits(4)?;\n                            match char::from_u32(u32::from_str_radix(&hex_str, 16).map_err(|_| ParseError {\n                                message: \"invalid unicode escape sequence\".to_string(),\n                                position: self.position - 5,\n                            })?) {\n                                Some(c) => result.push(c),\n                                None => return Err(ParseError {\n                                    message: \"invalid unicode escape sequence\".to_string(),\n                                    position: self.position - 5,\n                                }),\n                            }\n                        }\n                        Some(c) => return Err(ParseError {\n                            message: format!(\"invalid escape character '{}'\", c),\n                            position: self.position,\n                        }),\n                    }\n                }\n                Some(c) => {\n                    result.push(c);\n                    self.advance();\n                }\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    fn get_hex_digits(&mut self, count: usize) -> Result<String, ParseError> {\n        let mut hex = String::new();\n        for _ in 0..count {\n            match self.current_char {\n                Some(c) if c.is_ascii_hexdigit() => {\n                    hex.push(c);\n                    self.advance();\n                }\n                Some(c) => return Err(ParseError {\n                    message: format!(\"expected hex digit, found '{}'\", c),\n                    position: self.position,\n                }),\n                None => return Err(ParseError {\n                    message: \"unexpected end of input in unicode escape sequence\".to_string(),\n                    position: self.position,\n                }),\n            }\n        }\n        Ok(hex)\n    }\n\n    fn parse_number(&mut self) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {\n        let start_pos = self.position;\n        \n        // Handle negative sign\n        if self.current_char == Some('-') {\n            self.advance();\n        }\n\n        // Integer part\n        match self.current_char {\n            Some('0') => {\n                self.advance();\n                // No leading zeros allowed except for \"0\" itself\n                if let Some(c) = self.current_char {\n                    if c.is_ascii_digit() {\n                        return Err(ParseError {\n                            message: \"invalid number: leading zeros not allowed\".to_string(),\n                            position: start_pos,\n                        });\n                    }\n                }\n            }\n            Some(c) if c.is_ascii_digit() => {\n                while let Some(c) = self.current_char {\n                    if !c.is_ascii_digit() {\n                        break;\n                    }\n                    self.advance();\n                }\n            }\n            _ => return Err(ParseError {\n                message: \"invalid number\".to_string(),\n                position: start_pos,\n            }),\n        }\n\n        // Fractional part\n        if self.current_char == Some('.') {\n            self.advance();\n            let mut has_fraction = false;\n            while let Some(c) = self.current_char {\n                if !c.is_ascii_digit() {\n                    break;\n                }\n                has_fraction = true;\n                self.advance();\n            }\n            if !has_fraction {\n                return Err(ParseError {\n                    message: \"invalid number: decimal point without digits\".to_string(),\n                    position: start_pos,\n                });\n            }\n        }\n\n        // Exponent part\n        if self.current_char == Some('e') || self.current_char == Some('E') {\n            self.advance();\n            \n            // Optional sign\n            if self.current_char == Some('+') || self.current_char == Some('-') {\n                self.advance();\n            }\n            \n            let mut has_exponent = false;\n            while let Some(c) = self.current_char {\n                if !c.is_ascii_digit() {\n                    break;\n                }\n                has_exponent = true;\n                self.advance();\n            }\n            if !has_exponent {\n                return Err(ParseError {\n                    message: \"invalid number: exponent without digits\".to_string(),\n                    position: start_pos,\n                });\n            }\n        }\n\n        let num_str = &input_from_position(self.position, start_pos);\n        match num_str.parse::<f64>() {\n            Ok(n) => Ok(Value::Number(n)),\n            Err(_) => Err(ParseError {\n                message: format!(\"invalid number: {}\", num_str),\n                position: start_pos,\n            }),\n        }\n    }\n\n    fn parse_array(&mut self) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {\n        // Consume opening bracket\n        match self.current_char {\n            Some('[') => self.advance(),\n            _ => unreachable!(),\n        }\n\n        let mut values = Vec::new();\n        \n        self.skip_whitespace();\n        \n        if self.current_char == Some(']') {\n            self.advance();\n            return Ok(Value::Array(values));\n        }\n\n        loop {\n            values.push(self.parse_value()?);\n            \n            self.skip_whitespace();\n            \n            match self.current_char {\n                Some(',') => {\n                    self.advance();\n                    self.skip_whitespace();\n                }\n                Some(']') => {\n                    self.advance();\n                    return Ok(Value::Array(values));\n                }\n                None => return Err(ParseError {\n                    message: \"unterminated array\".to_string(),\n                    position: self.position,\n                }),\n                _ => return Err(ParseError {\n                    message: format!(\"expected ',' or ']', found '{}'\", self.current_char.unwrap_or('EOF')),\n                    position: self.position,\n                }),\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    fn parse_object(&mut self) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {\n        // Consume opening brace\n        match self.current_char {\n            Some('{') => self.advance(),\n            _ => unreachable!(),\n        }\n\n        let mut members = Vec::new();\n        \n        self.skip_whitespace();\n        \n        if self.current_char == Some('}') {\n            self.advance();\n            return Ok(Value::Object(members));\n        }\n\n        loop {\n            // Parse key\n            match self.current_char {\n                Some('\"') => {\n                    let key = match self.parse_string()? {\n                        Value::Str(s) => s,\n                        _ => unreachable!(),\n                    };\n                    \n                    // Expect colon\n                    self.skip_whitespace();\n                    match self.current_char {\n                        Some(':') => self.advance(),\n                        _ => return Err(ParseError {\n                            message: format!(\"expected ':' after object key, found '{}'\", self.current_char.unwrap_or('EOF')),\n                            position: self.position,\n                        }),\n                    }\n                    \n                    // Parse value\n                    self.skip_whitespace();\n                    let value = self.parse_value()?;\n                    members.push((key, value));\n                    \n                    self.skip_whitespace();\n                    \n                    match self.current_char {\n                        Some(',') => {\n                            self.advance();\n                            self.skip_whitespace();\n                        }\n                        Some('}') => {\n                            self.advance();\n                            return Ok(Value::Object(members));\n                        }\n                        None => return Err(ParseError {\n                            message: \"unterminated object\".to_string(),\n                            position: self.position,\n                        }),\n                        _ => return Err(ParseError {\n                            message: format!(\"expected ',' or '}}', found '{}'\", self.current_char.unwrap_or('EOF')),\n                            position: self.position,\n                        }),\n                    }\n                }\n                None => return Err(ParseError {\n                    message: \"unterminated object\".to_string(),\n                    position: self.position,\n                }),\n                _ => return Err(ParseError {\n                    message: format!(\"expected string key in object, found '{}'\", self.current_char.unwrap_or('EOF')),\n                    position: self.position,\n                }),\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n// Helper function to extract substring from start_pos to current position\nfn input_from_position(current_pos: usize, start_pos: usize) -> String {\n    // This is a simplified approach; in practice, we'd need to track positions more carefully\n    // For now, we'll use a different approach by building the string as we parse\n    panic!(\"This helper function is not used in the final implementation\");\n}\n```",
    "passed": 0,
    "test_error": "         ^^^^^\n    |\nhelp: if you meant to write a string literal, use double quotes\n    |\n401 -                             message: format!(\"expected ':' after object key, found '{}'\", self.current_char.unwrap_or('EOF')),\n401 +                             message: format!(\"expected ':' after object key, found '{}'\", self.current_char.unwrap_or(\"EOF\")),\n    |\n\nerror: character literal may only contain one codepoint\n   --> src/lib.rs:427:110\n    |\n427 | ...                   message: format!(\"expected ',' or '}}', found '{}'\", self.current_char.unwrap_or('EOF')),\n    |                                                                                                        ^^^^^\n    |\nhelp: if you meant to write a string literal, use double quotes\n    |\n427 -                             message: format!(\"expected ',' or '}}', found '{}'\", self.current_char.unwrap_or('EOF')),\n427 +                             message: format!(\"expected ',' or '}}', found '{}'\", self.current_char.unwrap_or(\"EOF\")),\n    |\n\nerror: character literal may only contain one codepoint\n   --> src/lib.rs:437:111\n    |\n437 |                     message: format!(\"expected string key in object, found '{}'\", self.current_char.unwrap_or('EOF')),\n    |                                                                                                               ^^^^^\n    |\nhelp: if you meant to write a string literal, use double quotes\n    |\n437 -                     message: format!(\"expected string key in object, found '{}'\", self.current_char.unwrap_or('EOF')),\n437 +                     message: format!(\"expected string key in object, found '{}'\", self.current_char.unwrap_or(\"EOF\")),\n    |\n\nwarning: unused variable: `current_pos`\n   --> src/lib.rs:446:24\n    |\n446 | fn input_from_position(current_pos: usize, start_pos: usize) -> String {\n    |                        ^^^^^^^^^^^ help: if this is intentional, prefix it with an underscore: `_current_pos`\n    |\n    = note: `#[warn(unused_variables)]` (part of `#[warn(unused)]`) on by default\n\nwarning: unused variable: `start_pos`\n   --> src/lib.rs:446:44\n    |\n446 | fn input_from_position(current_pos: usize, start_pos: usize) -> String {\n    |                                            ^^^^^^^^^ help: if this is intentional, prefix it with an underscore: `_start_pos`\n\nerror: could not compile `challenge` (lib) due to 5 previous errors; 2 warnings emitted\nerror: could not compile `challenge` (lib test) due to 5 previous errors; 2 warnings emitted"
  },
  {
    "total": 1,
    "answer": "Looking at the compilation errors, I need to fix several issues:\n\n1. Character literals vs string literals in `unwrap_or()` calls (should use `\"EOF\"` instead of `'EOF'`)\n2. Remove the unused helper function `input_from_position`\n3. Fix the number parsing logic to properly extract the substring\n\nLet me rewrite the solution with these fixes:\n\n```rust\nuse std::char;\n\n#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]\npub enum Value {\n    Null,\n    Bool(bool),\n    Number(f64),\n    Str(String),\n    Array(Vec<Value>),\n    Object(Vec<(String, Value)>),\n}\n\n#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]\npub struct ParseError {\n    pub message: String,\n    pub position: usize,\n}\n\nimpl std::fmt::Display for ParseError {\n    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {\n        write!(f, \"{} at position {}\", self.message, self.position)\n    }\n}\n\nimpl std::error::Error for ParseError {}\n\npub fn parse(input: &str) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {\n    let mut parser = Parser::new(input);\n    let value = parser.parse_value()?;\n    \n    // Check for trailing characters\n    parser.skip_whitespace();\n    if parser.peek().is_some() {\n        return Err(ParseError {\n            message: \"trailing characters after complete value\".to_string(),\n            position: parser.position,\n        });\n    }\n    \n    Ok(value)\n}\n\nstruct Parser<'a> {\n    input: &'a str,\n    position: usize,\n}\n\nimpl<'a> Parser<'a> {\n    fn new(input: &'a str) -> Self {\n        Parser { input, position: 0 }\n    }\n\n    fn peek(&self) -> Option<char> {\n        if self.position >= self.input.len() {\n            None\n        } else {\n            Some(self.input[self.position..].chars().next().unwrap())\n        }\n    }\n\n    fn advance(&mut self) {\n        if self.position < self.input.len() {\n            let c = self.input[self.position..].chars().next().unwrap();\n            self.position += c.len_utf8();\n        }\n    }\n\n    fn skip_whitespace(&mut self) {\n        while let Some(c) = self.peek() {\n            if c.is_whitespace() {\n                self.advance();\n            } else {\n                break;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    fn parse_value(&mut self) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {\n        self.skip_whitespace();\n        \n        match self.peek() {\n            Some('n') => self.parse_null(),\n            Some('t') => self.parse_true(),\n            Some('f') => self.parse_false(),\n            Some('\"') => self.parse_string(),\n            Some('[') => self.parse_array(),\n            Some('{') => self.parse_object(),\n            Some(c) if c == '-' || c.is_ascii_digit() => self.parse_number(),\n            None => Err(ParseError {\n                message: \"unexpected end of input\".to_string(),\n                position: self.position,\n            }),\n            Some(c) => Err(ParseError {\n                message: format!(\"unexpected character '{}'\", c),\n                position: self.position,\n            }),\n        }\n    }\n\n    fn parse_null(&mut self) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {\n        self.expect_literal(\"null\")?;\n        Ok(Value::Null)\n    }\n\n    fn parse_true(&mut self) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {\n        self.expect_literal(\"true\")?;\n        Ok(Value::Bool(true))\n    }\n\n    fn parse_false(&mut self) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {\n        self.expect_literal(\"false\")?;\n        Ok(Value::Bool(false))\n    }\n\n    fn expect_literal(&mut self, literal: &str) -> Result<(), ParseError> {\n        let start_pos = self.position;\n        for expected in literal.chars() {\n            match self.peek() {\n                Some(c) if c == expected => self.advance(),\n                Some(c) => return Err(ParseError {\n                    message: format!(\"expected '{}', found '{}'\", expected, c),\n                    position: self.position,\n                }),\n                None => return Err(ParseError {\n                    message: format!(\"expected '{}', but input ended\", expected),\n                    position: self.position,\n                }),\n            }\n        }\n        Ok(())\n    }\n\n    fn parse_string(&mut self) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {\n        // Consume opening quote\n        match self.peek() {\n            Some('\"') => self.advance(),\n            _ => unreachable!(),\n        }\n\n        let mut result = String::new();\n        \n        loop {\n            match self.peek() {\n                None => return Err(ParseError {\n                    message: \"unterminated string\".to_string(),\n                    position: self.position,\n                }),\n                Some('\"') => {\n                    self.advance();\n                    return Ok(Value::Str(result));\n                }\n                Some('\\\\') => {\n                    self.advance(); // consume backslash\n                    match self.peek() {\n                        None => return Err(ParseError {\n                            message: \"unterminated escape sequence in string\".to_string(),\n                            position: self.position,\n                        }),\n                        Some('\"') => {\n                            result.push('\"');\n                            self.advance();\n                        }\n                        Some('\\\\') => {\n                            result.push('\\\\');\n                            self.advance();\n                        }\n                        Some('/') => {\n                            result.push('/');\n                            self.advance();\n                        }\n                        Some('b') => {\n                            result.push('\\x08'); // backspace\n                            self.advance();\n                        }\n                        Some('f') => {\n                            result.push('\\x0c'); // form feed\n                            self.advance();\n                        }\n                        Some('n') => {\n                            result.push('\\n');\n                            self.advance();\n                        }\n                        Some('r') => {\n                            result.push('\\r');\n                            self.advance();\n                        }\n                        Some('t') => {\n                            result.push('\\t');\n                            self.advance();\n                        }\n                        Some('u') => {\n                            self.advance(); // consume 'u'\n                            let hex_str = self.get_hex_digits(4)?;\n                            match char::from_u32(u32::from_str_radix(&hex_str, 16).map_err(|_| ParseError {\n                                message: \"invalid unicode escape sequence\".to_string(),\n                                position: self.position - 5,\n                            })?) {\n                                Some(c) => result.push(c),\n                                None => return Err(ParseError {\n                                    message: \"invalid unicode escape sequence\".to_string(),\n                                    position: self.position - 5,\n                                }),\n                            }\n                        }\n                        Some(c) => return Err(ParseError {\n                            message: format!(\"invalid escape character '{}'\", c),\n                            position: self.position,\n                        }),\n                    }\n                }\n                Some(c) => {\n                    result.push(c);\n                    self.advance();\n                }\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    fn get_hex_digits(&mut self, count: usize) -> Result<String, ParseError> {\n        let mut hex = String::new();\n        for _ in 0..count {\n            match self.peek() {\n                Some(c) if c.is_ascii_hexdigit() => {\n                    hex.push(c);\n                    self.advance();\n                }\n                Some(c) => return Err(ParseError {\n                    message: format!(\"expected hex digit, found '{}'\", c),\n                    position: self.position,\n                }),\n                None => return Err(ParseError {\n                    message: \"unexpected end of input in unicode escape sequence\".to_string(),\n                    position: self.position,\n                }),\n            }\n        }\n        Ok(hex)\n    }\n\n    fn parse_number(&mut self) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {\n        let start_pos = self.position;\n        \n        // Handle negative sign\n        if self.peek() == Some('-') {\n            self.advance();\n        }\n\n        // Integer part\n        match self.peek() {\n            Some('0') => {\n                self.advance();\n                // No leading zeros allowed except for \"0\" itself\n                if let Some(c) = self.peek() {\n                    if c.is_ascii_digit() {\n                        return Err(ParseError {\n                            message: \"invalid number: leading zeros not allowed\".to_string(),\n                            position: start_pos,\n                        });\n                    }\n                }\n            }\n            Some(c) if c.is_ascii_digit() => {\n                while let Some(c) = self.peek() {\n                    if !c.is_ascii_digit() {\n                        break;\n                    }\n                    self.advance();\n                }\n            }\n            _ => return Err(ParseError {\n                message: \"invalid number\".to_string(),\n                position: start_pos,\n            }),\n        }\n\n        // Fractional part\n        if self.peek() == Some('.') {\n            self.advance();\n            let mut has_fraction = false;\n            while let Some(c) = self.peek() {\n                if !c.is_ascii_digit() {\n                    break;\n                }\n                has_fraction = true;\n                self.advance();\n            }\n            if !has_fraction {\n                return Err(ParseError {\n                    message: \"invalid number: decimal point without digits\".to_string(),\n                    position: start_pos,\n                });\n            }\n        }\n\n        // Exponent part\n        if self.peek() == Some('e') || self.peek() == Some('E') {\n            self.advance();\n            \n            // Optional sign\n            if self.peek() == Some('+') || self.peek() == Some('-') {\n                self.advance();\n            }\n            \n            let mut has_exponent = false;\n            while let Some(c) = self.peek() {\n                if !c.is_ascii_digit() {\n                    break;\n                }\n                has_exponent = true;\n                self.advance();\n            }\n            if !has_exponent {\n                return Err(ParseError {\n                    message: \"invalid number: exponent without digits\".to_string(),\n                    position: start_pos,\n                });\n            }\n        }\n\n        let num_str = &self.input[start_pos..self.position];\n        match num_str.parse::<f64>() {\n            Ok(n) => Ok(Value::Number(n)),\n            Err(_) => Err(ParseError {\n                message: format!(\"invalid number: {}\", num_str),\n                position: start_pos,\n            }),\n        }\n    }\n\n    fn parse_array(&mut self) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {\n        // Consume opening bracket\n        match self.peek() {\n            Some('[') => self.advance(),\n            _ => unreachable!(),\n        }\n\n        let mut values = Vec::new();\n        \n        self.skip_whitespace();\n        \n        if self.peek() == Some(']') {\n            self.advance();\n            return Ok(Value::Array(values));\n        }\n\n        loop {\n            values.push(self.parse_value()?);\n            \n            self.skip_whitespace();\n            \n            match self.peek() {\n                Some(',') => {\n                    self.advance();\n                    self.skip_whitespace();\n                }\n                Some(']') => {\n                    self.advance();\n                    return Ok(Value::Array(values));\n                }\n                None => return Err(ParseError {\n                    message: \"unterminated array\".to_string(),\n                    position: self.position,\n                }),\n                _ => return Err(ParseError {\n                    message: format!(\"expected ',' or ']', found '{}'\", self.peek().unwrap_or(\"EOF\")),\n                    position: self.position,\n                }),\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    fn parse_object(&mut self) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {\n        // Consume opening brace\n        match self.peek() {\n            Some('{') => self.advance(),\n            _ => unreachable!(),\n        }\n\n        let mut members = Vec::new();\n        \n        self.skip_whitespace();\n        \n        if self.peek() == Some('}') {\n            self.advance();\n            return Ok(Value::Object(members));\n        }\n\n        loop {\n            // Parse key\n            match self.peek() {\n                Some('\"') => {\n                    let key = match self.parse_string()? {\n                        Value::Str(s) => s,\n                        _ => unreachable!(),\n                    };\n                    \n                    // Expect colon\n                    self.skip_whitespace();\n                    match self.peek() {\n                        Some(':') => self.advance(),\n                        _ => return Err(ParseError {\n                            message: format!(\"expected ':' after object key, found '{}'\", self.peek().unwrap_or(\"EOF\")),\n                            position: self.position,\n                        }),\n                    }\n                    \n                    // Parse value\n                    self.skip_whitespace();\n                    let value = self.parse_value()?;\n                    members.push((key, value));\n                    \n                    self.skip_whitespace();\n                    \n                    match self.peek() {\n                        Some(',') => {\n                            self.advance();\n                            self.skip_whitespace();\n                        }\n                        Some('}') => {\n                            self.advance();\n                            return Ok(Value::Object(members));\n                        }\n                        None => return Err(ParseError {\n                            message: \"unterminated object\".to_string(),\n                            position: self.position,\n                        }),\n                        _ => return Err(ParseError {\n                            message: format!(\"expected ',' or '}}', found '{}'\", self.peek().unwrap_or(\"EOF\")),\n                            position: self.position,\n                        }),\n                    }\n                }\n                None => return Err(ParseError {\n                    message: \"unterminated object\".to_string(),\n                    position: self.position,\n                }),\n                _ => return Err(ParseError {\n                    message: format!(\"expected string key in object, found '{}'\", self.peek().unwrap_or(\"EOF\")),\n                    position: self.position,\n                }),\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n```",
    "passed": 0,
    "test_error": "b.rs:428:82\n    |\n428 | ...                   message: format!(\"expected ',' or '}}', found '{}'\", self.peek().unwrap_or(\"EOF\")),\n    |                                                                            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^-----^\n    |                                                                                                  |\n    |                                                                                                  this argument influences the return type of `unwrap_or`\nnote: method defined here\n   --> /rustc/ac68faa20c58cbccd01ee7208bf3b6e93a7d7f96/library/core/src/option.rs:1038:17\n\nerror[E0308]: mismatched types\n   --> src/lib.rs:438:105\n    |\n438 |                     message: format!(\"expected string key in object, found '{}'\", self.peek().unwrap_or(\"EOF\")),\n    |                                                                                               --------- ^^^^^ expected `char`, found `&str`\n    |                                                                                               |\n    |                                                                                               arguments to this method are incorrect\n    |\nhelp: the return type of this call is `&'static str` due to the type of the argument passed\n   --> src/lib.rs:438:83\n    |\n438 |                     message: format!(\"expected string key in object, found '{}'\", self.peek().unwrap_or(\"EOF\")),\n    |                                                                                   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^-----^\n    |                                                                                                         |\n    |                                                                                                         this argument influences the return type of `unwrap_or`\nnote: method defined here\n   --> /rustc/ac68faa20c58cbccd01ee7208bf3b6e93a7d7f96/library/core/src/option.rs:1038:17\n\nwarning: unused variable: `start_pos`\n   --> src/lib.rs:116:13\n    |\n116 |         let start_pos = self.position;\n    |             ^^^^^^^^^ help: if this is intentional, prefix it with an underscore: `_start_pos`\n    |\n    = note: `#[warn(unused_variables)]` (part of `#[warn(unused)]`) on by default\n\nFor more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0308`.\nerror: could not compile `challenge` (lib test) due to 4 previous errors; 1 warning emitted\nerror: could not compile `challenge` (lib) due to 4 previous errors; 1 warning emitted"
  },
  {
    "total": 8,
    "answer": "Looking at the compilation errors, I need to fix the type mismatch in `unwrap_or()` calls. The issue is that `peek()` returns `Option<char>`, but I'm trying to use `\"EOF\"` (a string) as the default value. I should use `' '` (space) or handle it differently.\n\nAlso, I notice there's an unused variable warning for `start_pos` in `parse_null`, `parse_true`, and `parse_false`. Let me fix all these issues:\n\n```rust\nuse std::char;\n\n#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]\npub enum Value {\n    Null,\n    Bool(bool),\n    Number(f64),\n    Str(String),\n    Array(Vec<Value>),\n    Object(Vec<(String, Value)>),\n}\n\n#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]\npub struct ParseError {\n    pub message: String,\n    pub position: usize,\n}\n\nimpl std::fmt::Display for ParseError {\n    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {\n        write!(f, \"{} at position {}\", self.message, self.position)\n    }\n}\n\nimpl std::error::Error for ParseError {}\n\npub fn parse(input: &str) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {\n    let mut parser = Parser::new(input);\n    let value = parser.parse_value()?;\n    \n    // Check for trailing characters\n    parser.skip_whitespace();\n    if parser.peek().is_some() {\n        return Err(ParseError {\n            message: \"trailing characters after complete value\".to_string(),\n            position: parser.position,\n        });\n    }\n    \n    Ok(value)\n}\n\nstruct Parser<'a> {\n    input: &'a str,\n    position: usize,\n}\n\nimpl<'a> Parser<'a> {\n    fn new(input: &'a str) -> Self {\n        Parser { input, position: 0 }\n    }\n\n    fn peek(&self) -> Option<char> {\n        if self.position >= self.input.len() {\n            None\n        } else {\n            Some(self.input[self.position..].chars().next().unwrap())\n        }\n    }\n\n    fn advance(&mut self) {\n        if self.position < self.input.len() {\n            let c = self.input[self.position..].chars().next().unwrap();\n            self.position += c.len_utf8();\n        }\n    }\n\n    fn skip_whitespace(&mut self) {\n        while let Some(c) = self.peek() {\n            if c.is_whitespace() {\n                self.advance();\n            } else {\n                break;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    fn parse_value(&mut self) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {\n        self.skip_whitespace();\n        \n        match self.peek() {\n            Some('n') => self.parse_null(),\n            Some('t') => self.parse_true(),\n            Some('f') => self.parse_false(),\n            Some('\"') => self.parse_string(),\n            Some('[') => self.parse_array(),\n            Some('{') => self.parse_object(),\n            Some(c) if c == '-' || c.is_ascii_digit() => self.parse_number(),\n            None => Err(ParseError {\n                message: \"unexpected end of input\".to_string(),\n                position: self.position,\n            }),\n            Some(c) => Err(ParseError {\n                message: format!(\"unexpected character '{}'\", c),\n                position: self.position,\n            }),\n        }\n    }\n\n    fn parse_null(&mut self) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {\n        self.expect_literal(\"null\")?;\n        Ok(Value::Null)\n    }\n\n    fn parse_true(&mut self) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {\n        self.expect_literal(\"true\")?;\n        Ok(Value::Bool(true))\n    }\n\n    fn parse_false(&mut self) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {\n        self.expect_literal(\"false\")?;\n        Ok(Value::Bool(false))\n    }\n\n    fn expect_literal(&mut self, literal: &str) -> Result<(), ParseError> {\n        for expected in literal.chars() {\n            match self.peek() {\n                Some(c) if c == expected => self.advance(),\n                Some(c) => return Err(ParseError {\n                    message: format!(\"expected '{}', found '{}'\", expected, c),\n                    position: self.position,\n                }),\n                None => return Err(ParseError {\n                    message: format!(\"expected '{}', but input ended\", expected),\n                    position: self.position,\n                }),\n            }\n        }\n        Ok(())\n    }\n\n    fn parse_string(&mut self) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {\n        // Consume opening quote\n        match self.peek() {\n            Some('\"') => self.advance(),\n            _ => unreachable!(),\n        }\n\n        let mut result = String::new();\n        \n        loop {\n            match self.peek() {\n                None => return Err(ParseError {\n                    message: \"unterminated string\".to_string(),\n                    position: self.position,\n                }),\n                Some('\"') => {\n                    self.advance();\n                    return Ok(Value::Str(result));\n                }\n                Some('\\\\') => {\n                    self.advance(); // consume backslash\n                    match self.peek() {\n                        None => return Err(ParseError {\n                            message: \"unterminated escape sequence in string\".to_string(),\n                            position: self.position,\n                        }),\n                        Some('\"') => {\n                            result.push('\"');\n                            self.advance();\n                        }\n                        Some('\\\\') => {\n                            result.push('\\\\');\n                            self.advance();\n                        }\n                        Some('/') => {\n                            result.push('/');\n                            self.advance();\n                        }\n                        Some('b') => {\n                            result.push('\\x08'); // backspace\n                            self.advance();\n                        }\n                        Some('f') => {\n                            result.push('\\x0c'); // form feed\n                            self.advance();\n                        }\n                        Some('n') => {\n                            result.push('\\n');\n                            self.advance();\n                        }\n                        Some('r') => {\n                            result.push('\\r');\n                            self.advance();\n                        }\n                        Some('t') => {\n                            result.push('\\t');\n                            self.advance();\n                        }\n                        Some('u') => {\n                            self.advance(); // consume 'u'\n                            let hex_str = self.get_hex_digits(4)?;\n                            match char::from_u32(u32::from_str_radix(&hex_str, 16).map_err(|_| ParseError {\n                                message: \"invalid unicode escape sequence\".to_string(),\n                                position: self.position - 5,\n                            })?) {\n                                Some(c) => result.push(c),\n                                None => return Err(ParseError {\n                                    message: \"invalid unicode escape sequence\".to_string(),\n                                    position: self.position - 5,\n                                }),\n                            }\n                        }\n                        Some(c) => return Err(ParseError {\n                            message: format!(\"invalid escape character '{}'\", c),\n                            position: self.position,\n                        }),\n                    }\n                }\n                Some(c) => {\n                    result.push(c);\n                    self.advance();\n                }\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    fn get_hex_digits(&mut self, count: usize) -> Result<String, ParseError> {\n        let mut hex = String::new();\n        for _ in 0..count {\n            match self.peek() {\n                Some(c) if c.is_ascii_hexdigit() => {\n                    hex.push(c);\n                    self.advance();\n                }\n                Some(c) => return Err(ParseError {\n                    message: format!(\"expected hex digit, found '{}'\", c),\n                    position: self.position,\n                }),\n                None => return Err(ParseError {\n                    message: \"unexpected end of input in unicode escape sequence\".to_string(),\n                    position: self.position,\n                }),\n            }\n        }\n        Ok(hex)\n    }\n\n    fn parse_number(&mut self) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {\n        let start_pos = self.position;\n        \n        // Handle negative sign\n        if self.peek() == Some('-') {\n            self.advance();\n        }\n\n        // Integer part\n        match self.peek() {\n            Some('0') => {\n                self.advance();\n                // No leading zeros allowed except for \"0\" itself\n                if let Some(c) = self.peek() {\n                    if c.is_ascii_digit() {\n                        return Err(ParseError {\n                            message: \"invalid number: leading zeros not allowed\".to_string(),\n                            position: start_pos,\n                        });\n                    }\n                }\n            }\n            Some(c) if c.is_ascii_digit() => {\n                while let Some(c) = self.peek() {\n                    if !c.is_ascii_digit() {\n                        break;\n                    }\n                    self.advance();\n                }\n            }\n            _ => return Err(ParseError {\n                message: \"invalid number\".to_string(),\n                position: start_pos,\n            }),\n        }\n\n        // Fractional part\n        if self.peek() == Some('.') {\n            self.advance();\n            let mut has_fraction = false;\n            while let Some(c) = self.peek() {\n                if !c.is_ascii_digit() {\n                    break;\n                }\n                has_fraction = true;\n                self.advance();\n            }\n            if !has_fraction {\n                return Err(ParseError {\n                    message: \"invalid number: decimal point without digits\".to_string(),\n                    position: start_pos,\n                });\n            }\n        }\n\n        // Exponent part\n        if self.peek() == Some('e') || self.peek() == Some('E') {\n            self.advance();\n            \n            // Optional sign\n            if self.peek() == Some('+') || self.peek() == Some('-') {\n                self.advance();\n            }\n            \n            let mut has_exponent = false;\n            while let Some(c) = self.peek() {\n                if !c.is_ascii_digit() {\n                    break;\n                }\n                has_exponent = true;\n                self.advance();\n            }\n            if !has_exponent {\n                return Err(ParseError {\n                    message: \"invalid number: exponent without digits\".to_string(),\n                    position: start_pos,\n                });\n            }\n        }\n\n        let num_str = &self.input[start_pos..self.position];\n        match num_str.parse::<f64>() {\n            Ok(n) => Ok(Value::Number(n)),\n            Err(_) => Err(ParseError {\n                message: format!(\"invalid number: {}\", num_str),\n                position: start_pos,\n            }),\n        }\n    }\n\n    fn parse_array(&mut self) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {\n        // Consume opening bracket\n        match self.peek() {\n            Some('[') => self.advance(),\n            _ => unreachable!(),\n        }\n\n        let mut values = Vec::new();\n        \n        self.skip_whitespace();\n        \n        if self.peek() == Some(']') {\n            self.advance();\n            return Ok(Value::Array(values));\n        }\n\n        loop {\n            values.push(self.parse_value()?);\n            \n            self.skip_whitespace();\n            \n            match self.peek() {\n                Some(',') => {\n                    self.advance();\n                    self.skip_whitespace();\n                }\n                Some(']') => {\n                    self.advance();\n                    return Ok(Value::Array(values));\n                }\n                None => return Err(ParseError {\n                    message: \"unterminated array\".to_string(),\n                    position: self.position,\n                }),\n                _ => return Err(ParseError {\n                    message: format!(\"expected ',' or ']', found '{}'\", self.peek().unwrap_or(' ')),\n                    position: self.position,\n                }),\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    fn parse_object(&mut self) -> Result<Value, ParseError> {\n        // Consume opening brace\n        match self.peek() {\n            Some('{') => self.advance(),\n            _ => unreachable!(),\n        }\n\n        let mut members = Vec::new();\n        \n        self.skip_whitespace();\n        \n        if self.peek() == Some('}') {\n            self.advance();\n            return Ok(Value::Object(members));\n        }\n\n        loop {\n            // Parse key\n            match self.peek() {\n                Some('\"') => {\n                    let key = match self.parse_string()? {\n                        Value::Str(s) => s,\n                        _ => unreachable!(),\n                    };\n                    \n                    // Expect colon\n                    self.skip_whitespace();\n                    match self.peek() {\n                        Some(':') => self.advance(),\n                        _ => return Err(ParseError {\n                            message: format!(\"expected ':' after object key, found '{}'\", self.peek().unwrap_or(' ')),\n                            position: self.position,\n                        }),\n                    }\n                    \n                    // Parse value\n                    self.skip_whitespace();\n                    let value = self.parse_value()?;\n                    members.push((key, value));\n                    \n                    self.skip_whitespace();\n                    \n                    match self.peek() {\n                        Some(',') => {\n                            self.advance();\n                            self.skip_whitespace();\n                        }\n                        Some('}') => {\n                            self.advance();\n                            return Ok(Value::Object(members));\n                        }\n                        None => return Err(ParseError {\n                            message: \"unterminated object\".to_string(),\n                            position: self.position,\n                        }),\n                        _ => return Err(ParseError {\n                            message: format!(\"expected ',' or '}}', found '{}'\", self.peek().unwrap_or(' ')),\n                            position: self.position,\n                        }),\n                    }\n                }\n                None => return Err(ParseError {\n                    message: \"unterminated object\".to_string(),\n                    position: self.position,\n                }),\n                _ => return Err(ParseError {\n                    message: format!(\"expected string key in object, found '{}'\", self.peek().unwrap_or(' ')),\n                    position: self.position,\n                }),\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n```",
    "passed": 8,
    "test_error": ""
  }
]