rs-02-balanced

# Balanced brackets

Implement the library file **`src/lib.rs`** exposing:

```rust
pub fn is_balanced(input: &str) -> bool
```

Return `true` if and only if the brackets `()`, `[]`, and `{}` in `input` are
correctly balanced and nested. Every opening bracket must be closed by a matching
closing bracket in the right order. Any closing bracket must match the most
recently opened, still-unclosed bracket.

- Non-bracket characters are ignored.
- The empty string is balanced (returns `true`).

Examples:

- `is_balanced("")` → `true`
- `is_balanced("()[]{}")` → `true`
- `is_balanced("([{}])")` → `true`
- `is_balanced("(a + [b * c]) - {d}")` → `true`
- `is_balanced("(]")` → `false`
- `is_balanced("([)]")` → `false`
- `is_balanced("(")` → `false`
- `is_balanced(")(")` → `false`

Tests live in `tests/` and call it as `challenge::is_balanced`.

use challenge::is_balanced;

#[test]
fn empty_is_balanced() {
    assert!(is_balanced(""));
}

#[test]
fn simple_pairs() {
    assert!(is_balanced("()[]{}"));
    assert!(is_balanced("([{}])"));
}

#[test]
fn ignores_non_brackets() {
    assert!(is_balanced("(a + [b * c]) - {d}"));
    assert!(is_balanced("no brackets at all"));
}

#[test]
fn mismatched_type() {
    assert!(!is_balanced("(]"));
    assert!(!is_balanced("{)"));
}

#[test]
fn wrong_nesting_order() {
    assert!(!is_balanced("([)]"));
}

#[test]
fn unclosed_or_unopened() {
    assert!(!is_balanced("("));
    assert!(!is_balanced(")("));
    assert!(!is_balanced("(()"));
}

You are an expert programmer. Solve the task exactly as specified. Output your solution as fenced code blocks using the required file name(s) and the exact function/type signatures requested. Prefer correctness; do not include prose outside code unless asked.

```rust
// src/lib.rs

pub fn is_balanced(input: &str) -> bool {
    let mut stack = Vec::new();

    for c in input.chars() {
        match c {
            '(' | '[' | '{' => stack.push(c),
            ')' | ']' | '}' => {
                match c {
                    ')' => {
                        if stack.last() != Some(&'(') {
                            return false;
                        }
                        stack.pop();
                    }
                    ']' => {
                        if stack.last() != Some(&'[') {
                            return false;
                        }
                        stack.pop();
                    }
                    '}' => {
                        if stack.last() != Some(&'{') {
                            return false;
                        }
                        stack.pop();
                    }
                    _ => {}
                }
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }

    stack.is_empty()
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn test_is_balanced() {
        assert_eq!(is_balanced("()[]{}"), true);
        assert_eq!(is_balanced("([{}])"), true);
        assert_eq!(is_balanced("(a + [b * c]) - {d}"), true);
        assert_eq!(is_balanced("(]"), false);
        assert_eq!(is_balanced("([)]"), false);
        assert_eq!(is_balanced("("), false);
        assert_eq!(is_balanced(")("), false);
        assert_eq!(is_balanced(""), true);
    }
}
```